objective: oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathophysiology of brain ischemia and neurodegenerative disorders.previous studies indicated that viola tricolor and viola odorataare rich sources of antioxidants. this study aimed to determine whether these plants protect neurons against serum/glucose deprivation (sgd)-induced cell death in an in vitro model of ischemia and neurodegeneration....

The Hawaiian endemic Viola kauaensis A. Gray has a broad distribution in bogs of Kaua`i and a limited distribution on mesic ridges in the Ko`olau Mountains of O`ahu. Based on differences in scale, the O`ahu populations of Viola kauaensis had previously been described as a distinct taxon. The taxonomic status of the O`ahu populations was reevaluated through a morphometric analysis of all varieti...

Inflammation is a necessary process to control infection. However, exacerbated inflammation, acute or chronic, promotes deleterious effects in the organism. Violacein (viola), a quorum sensing metabolite from the Gram-negative bacterium Chromobacterium violaceum, has been shown to protect mice from malaria and to have beneficial effects on tumors. However, it is not known whether this drug poss...

Viola is a tool for the development and support of visual interactive media applications. Possible viola applications range from a simple clock to a World Wide Web hypermedia browser (ViolaWWW). ViolaWWW is what most people equate with "Viola". It's a convenient association, but it is important to keep in mind that ViolaWWW (the Viola−based World Wide Web browser) is just an application, albeit...

In this paper, we propose Viola, which can define CMG grammar graphically and execute a visual system on the same screen. By using Viola, the user can define various visual systems interactively. It became possible to define grammars using graphical expressions and construct visual systems dynamically, while checking the grammar at the execution time. We have actually implemented Viola in Java ...

this research was conducted to evaluate the possibility using peanut shells compost as a suitable medium in cultivating ornamental plants. effect of peanut shells composts on the growth of viola tricolor and marigold was investigated during seven months. peat + perlite (with a ratio of 2:1) used as control treatment and peat replaced by 25, 50, 75 and 100 % v/v of peanut shells compost. plant g...